Processi

Esecuzione di comandi shell da Laravel con la facade Process: sincroni, asincroni e concorrenti.

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Introduzione

La facade Process di Laravel è un wrapper sottile del componente Process di Symfony. Offre un’API concisa per invocare comandi shell dall’applicazione Laravel e gestirne il risultato.

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Avvio di un processo

Process::run() esegue in modo sincrono.

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Process;

$result = Process::run('ls -la');

return $result->output();

L’istanza ProcessResult ha metodi per esaminare l’esito.

$result = Process::run('ls -la');

$result->command();
$result->successful();
$result->failed();
$result->output();       // stdout
$result->errorOutput();  // stderr
$result->exitCode();

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Lanciare un’eccezione al fallimento

Con throw() o throwIf() viene lanciata ProcessFailedException per exit code > 0.

$result = Process::run('ls -la')->throw();

$result = Process::run('ls -la')->throwIf($condition);

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Opzioni

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Working directory

$result = Process::path(__DIR__)->run('ls -la');

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Standard input

$result = Process::input('Hello World')->run('cat');

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Timeout

Default 60s. Cambia con timeout(). Se scade, viene lanciata ProcessTimedOutException.

$result = Process::timeout(120)->run('bash import.sh');

Anche con CarbonInterval.

use function Illuminate\Support\minutes;

$result = Process::timeout(minutes(2))->run('bash import.sh');

Disabilitalo con forever().

$result = Process::forever()->run('bash import.sh');

Idle timeout (nessuna uscita per N s):

$result = Process::timeout(60)->idleTimeout(30)->run('bash import.sh');

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Variabili d’ambiente

Con env(); le variabili di sistema vengono ereditate.

$result = Process::forever()
    ->env(['IMPORT_PATH' => __DIR__])
    ->run('bash import.sh');

Per rimuovere una variabile ereditata usa false.

$result = Process::forever()
    ->env(['LOAD_PATH' => false])
    ->run('bash import.sh');

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Disabilitare l’output

Per grandi output usa quietly() per risparmiare memoria.

$result = Process::quietly()->run('bash import.sh');

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Output in tempo reale

Passa una closure a run().

$result = Process::run('ls -la', function (string $type, string $output) {
    echo $output;
});

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Pipeline

Process::pipe() collega output/input tra comandi.

use Illuminate\Process\Pipe;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Process;

$result = Process::pipe(function (Pipe $pipe) {
    $pipe->command('cat example.txt');
    $pipe->command('grep -i "laravel"');
});

if ($result->successful()) {
    // ...
}

Puoi anche passare un array di stringhe.

$result = Process::pipe([
    'cat example.txt',
    'grep -i "laravel"',
]);

Con as() identifichi la sorgente dell’output.

$result = Process::pipe(function (Pipe $pipe) {
    $pipe->as('first')->command('cat example.txt');
    $pipe->as('second')->command('grep -i "laravel"');
}, function (string $type, string $output, string $key) {
    // $key = 'first' o 'second'
});

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Processi asincroni

Con Process::start().

$process = Process::timeout(120)->start('bash import.sh');

while ($process->running()) {
    // Altro lavoro
}

$result = $process->wait();

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PID e segnali

$process = Process::start('bash import.sh');

return $process->id();

$process->signal(SIGUSR2);

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Output incrementale

$process = Process::timeout(120)->start('bash import.sh');

while ($process->running()) {
    echo $process->latestOutput();
    echo $process->latestErrorOutput();

    sleep(1);
}

Aspettare fino a un output specifico:

$process = Process::start('bash import.sh');

$process->waitUntil(function (string $type, string $output) {
    return $output === 'Ready...';
});

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Verifica del timeout

$process = Process::timeout(120)->start('bash import.sh');

while ($process->running()) {
    $process->ensureNotTimedOut();

    sleep(1);
}

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Processi concorrenti

Con Process::pool().

use Illuminate\Process\Pool;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Process;

$pool = Process::pool(function (Pool $pool) {
    $pool->path(__DIR__)->command('bash import-1.sh');
    $pool->path(__DIR__)->command('bash import-2.sh');
    $pool->path(__DIR__)->command('bash import-3.sh');
})->start(function (string $type, string $output, int $key) {
    // ...
});

while ($pool->running()->isNotEmpty()) {
    // ...
}

$results = $pool->wait();

concurrently() avvia e attende in una riga.

[$first, $second, $third] = Process::concurrently(function (Pool $pool) {
    $pool->path(__DIR__)->command('ls -la');
    $pool->path(app_path())->command('ls -la');
    $pool->path(storage_path())->command('ls -la');
});

echo $first->output();

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Nomi per i processi

$pool = Process::pool(function (Pool $pool) {
    $pool->as('first')->command('bash import-1.sh');
    $pool->as('second')->command('bash import-2.sh');
    $pool->as('third')->command('bash import-3.sh');
})->start(function (string $type, string $output, string $key) {
    // ...
});

$results = $pool->wait();

return $results['first']->output();

Segnale all’intero pool:

$pool->signal(SIGUSR2);

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Test

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Fake dei processi

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Process;

Process::fake();

$response = $this->get('/import');

Process::assertRan('bash import.sh');

Personalizza output ed exit code:

Process::fake([
    '*' => Process::result(
        output: 'Test output',
        errorOutput: 'Test error output',
        exitCode: 1,
    ),
]);

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Fake per comandi specifici

Process::fake([
    'cat *'    => Process::result(output: 'file contents'),
    'ls -la'   => Process::result(output: 'file listing'),
]);

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Sequenze

Process::fake([
    'ls *' => [
        Process::result('first time'),
        Process::result('second time'),
    ],
]);

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Asserzioni

Metodo	Descrizione
Process::assertRan('command')	Il comando è stato eseguito
Process::assertNotRan('command')	Il comando non è stato eseguito
Process::assertRan(fn)	Verifica dettagli con closure
Process::assertRanTimes('command', 3)	Numero di esecuzioni

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Prevenzione di processi sfuggiti

Process::preventStrayProcesses();

Process::fake([
    'ls *' => Process::result('file listing'),
]);

// Lancia eccezione: 'bash import.sh' non è fake
Process::run('bash import.sh');

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Pagine correlate

Console Artisan

Crea comandi personalizzati che invocano processi.

Code

Confronto con l’elaborazione asincrona.